Definition

Mastalgia is breast pain. There are two types of mastalgia: cyclical and noncyclic. Cyclical breast pain is most often associated with menstrual periods, while noncyclic pain does not vary with the menstrual cycle.

Causes

Mastalgia can be caused by:

  • Hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle
  • Trauma to the breast
  • Arthritis in the chest cavity and neck

Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition.

The following factors are thought to increase the risk of mastalgia:

  • Relatively high hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) of the second half of the menstrual cycle
  • History of arthritis
  • Irritation of cervical (neck) nerve roots

Cervical Nerve Roots

Cervical nerves

Copyright © 2005 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. www.nucleusinc.com

Symptoms

Symptoms of mastalgia may include:

  • Pain in the breast area, ranging from minor discomfort to severe pain

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. He or she may also perform a mammogram.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

Ruling Out Cancer

Since the worry of cancer can be the main concern associated with mastalgia, performing a mammogram to rule out cancer as a cause can provide reassurance.

Medications

Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) may reduce the pain associated with mastalgia. Also, toremifene (Fareston), which is used in the hormonal treatment of breast cancer, may help reduce cyclical mastalgia.

Prevention

The best way to prevent mastalgia is to avoid trauma to the breast. Wearing a sports bra when exercising can also prevent breast pain and tenderness.